Buyer's Guide · Texas · 2026

How to buy a home in Houston

Twelve steps, start to finish, in plain English. Including the one Texas has that almost no other state does — and the deadlines that actually matter.

Get your money ready1–12 months
Pre-approval1–3 days
Search & tour2 wks – 6 mo
Offer & negotiate1–3 days
Option period7–10 days
Under contract30–45 days
Closing day1–2 hours
3%Minimum down payment on many conventional loans — not 20%
30–45Days from signed contract to closing, typically
7–10Days in a typical Texas option period — your window to walk away
2–5%Of purchase price in buyer closing costs
Start here

The biggest myth about buying a home

You do not need 20% down.

That number comes from a rule about avoiding mortgage insurance, not a requirement to buy. Conventional loans go as low as 3% down. FHA is 3.5%. VA is zero down if you qualify. USDA is zero down in eligible areas.

Putting less down means a higher monthly payment and usually mortgage insurance — real trade-offs worth understanding. But "I need $80,000 saved before I can even look" keeps a lot of people renting years longer than they had to.

The number that actually matters

Not the price. The monthly payment — principal, interest, taxes, insurance, and HOA. In Texas, taxes and insurance are a large share of that, and two identical homes ten minutes apart can differ by hundreds of dollars a month.

A lender can tell you your real number in about twenty minutes. Do that before you fall in love with a house.

Follow the money

Four different payments, and they're not the same thing

This confuses almost every first-time buyer. Here's what each one is, when you pay it, and whether you get it back.

Option fee
$100 – $500 typical

Paid to the seller within 3 days of signing. It buys you the right to walk away for any reason during the option period. Non-refundable — but usually credited toward your purchase at closing.

Earnest money
1% of price is common

Deposited with the title company, not the seller. It shows you're serious. Refundable if you terminate during the option period or if a contract contingency isn't met. Applied to your costs at closing.

Down payment
0% – 20%+

Your equity in the home. Paid at closing. This isn't a fee — it's your money going into your own asset.

Closing costs
2% – 5% of price

Loan origination, title work, appraisal, prepaid taxes and insurance, HOA transfer fees. Paid at closing. You can often ask the seller to contribute toward these.

Common misunderstanding: the option fee and earnest money are not extra costs stacked on top of everything else. Both are typically credited toward what you owe at closing. You're not losing that money — you're paying it early.

What else you'll pay along the way

ItemWhenRough cost
Home inspectionOption period$400–$600
Optional inspections
Termite, sewer scope, pool, foundation
Option period$100–$500 each
AppraisalAfter option period$500–$800
Survey
If the seller's existing one can't be used
Under contract$450–$700
HOA transfer & resale feesClosing$300–$1,800
First year insuranceClosing (prepaid)$2,500–$4,000+
The process

Twelve steps, start to finish

This is the whole thing. Some steps take months, some take an afternoon.

  1. 1–12 months out

    Get your finances in shape

    Three things lenders look at:

    • Credit score — higher scores get better rates. Even 20 points can change your payment.
    • Debt-to-income ratio — your monthly debts divided by gross monthly income. Most loans want this under about 43%.
    • Cash on hand — down payment, closing costs, plus a cushion. Lenders like to see reserves.

    Pull your free credit reports at annualcreditreport.com and dispute anything wrong. Errors are common and they cost you real money.

  2. 1–3 days

    Get pre-approved

    Not pre-qualified — pre-approved. Pre-qualification is a conversation. Pre-approval means the lender pulled your credit and reviewed your income and assets. Sellers take it seriously; they mostly ignore the other one.

    What you'll need: two years of tax returns and W-2s, recent pay stubs, two months of bank statements, and ID.

    Talk to two or three lenders and compare Loan Estimates side by side — that's the standardized form that makes rates and fees comparable. Multiple mortgage inquiries in a short window count as one for credit scoring, so shopping doesn't hurt you.

  3. Before you tour

    Choose your agent and sign a representation agreement

    As of 2026, Texas requires a written agreement before an agent represents you as a buyer. It spells out what I do, how long it lasts, and how I'm paid.

    My compensation is set in that agreement between us. Separately, when we write your offer, we can ask the seller to contribute toward it. Sometimes they do, sometimes they don't — it's negotiated like any other term.

    New construction warning: most builders require your agent to register you on your first visit to the sales office. Walk in alone and you may lose the ability to be represented there at all. Bring your agent the first time — it doesn't change your price.
  4. 2 weeks – 6 months

    Search and tour

    I'll set you up on an MLS portal so you see listings the day they hit the market, not after they've been picked over.

    What to actually look at: layout and flow, natural light, storage, what the house backs to, and condition of the big-ticket items — roof, HVAC, water heater. Paint and fixtures are cheap. Foundations and roofs are not.

    Drive the commute at rush hour before you commit to an area. It's the single most useful hour you'll spend.

  5. 1–3 days

    Make an offer

    Texas uses standard promulgated contract forms. We decide together on:

    • Price — informed by comparable sales, not guesswork
    • Earnest money and option fee amounts
    • Option period length — usually 7 to 10 days
    • Closing date
    • Seller contribution toward your closing costs, if we're asking
    • What conveys — appliances, blinds, anything you want included

    The seller can accept, reject, or counter. Most deals involve at least one round of back and forth.

  6. 7–10 days · the critical window

    The option period

    This is the Texas-specific one, and it's the most buyer-friendly thing in the contract.

    You pay a small option fee and get a defined window during which you can terminate for any reason at all and get your earnest money back. You don't need a justification. You can decide the neighborhood feels wrong.

    This is when inspections happen and when you negotiate repairs. See the full section below — it deserves more detail than a single step.

  7. Within the option period

    Inspections

    Always get one. Even on brand-new construction — a city code inspection confirms the legal minimum, not that the work is good.

    The standard inspection covers structure, roof, foundation, electrical, plumbing, HVAC, and appliances. Expect a long report with a lot of minor items; that's normal. Focus on the expensive and the unsafe.

    Worth adding depending on the house: termite/WDI, sewer scope on older homes, pool, and a structural engineer if the foundation report raises anything.

    Go to the inspection if you can. Walking through with the inspector teaches you more about the house than the report will.

  8. After option period · 1–2 weeks

    Appraisal

    Your lender sends an independent licensed appraiser to confirm the home is worth what you agreed to pay. It protects the lender — the house is their collateral — but it protects you from overpaying too.

    It's different from the inspection. Inspection is about condition. Appraisal is about value. Different person, different purpose, and you need both.

    If it comes in at or above your price, you never think about it again. If it comes in low, you have a gap — and options: the seller comes down, you bring the difference in cash, you split it, or depending on how the contract is written you may be able to terminate.

  9. Under contract · 2–4 weeks

    Financing and underwriting

    Your lender verifies everything and an underwriter reviews the full file. Expect to be asked for additional documents — sometimes documents you've already sent. It's normal. Respond fast; delays here push your closing date.

    Near the end, the lender re-verifies your employment and re-pulls your credit. This is why the "don't do this" list below matters so much.

  10. Under contract

    Title and survey

    The title company researches the property's ownership history to confirm the seller can actually convey clear title, and checks for liens, easements, and claims. You'll receive a title commitment — read it, and ask about anything you don't understand.

    Title insurance protects against ownership problems that surface later. In Texas the seller customarily pays for the owner's policy, but it's negotiable.

    A survey shows the property boundaries and where structures sit. Often the seller's existing survey can be used with an affidavit; if not, you'll need a new one.

  11. Day before closing

    Final walkthrough

    You walk the house one more time to confirm it's in the condition you agreed to, that agreed repairs were completed, and that anything meant to convey is still there.

    Test the lights, run the faucets, turn on the HVAC, open the garage door. This is your last chance to raise an issue before the money moves.

  12. 1–2 hours

    Closing

    In Texas, closings happen at a title company. You'll sign a stack of documents, and the one to actually read is the Closing Disclosure — you get it at least three business days beforehand, and it lists every dollar. Compare it to your Loan Estimate.

    Bring: government-issued photo ID and your funds by wire transfer or cashier's check.

    Wire fraud is real and it targets closings. Criminals send fake wiring instructions that look legitimate. Always call your title company at a number you looked up yourself — never a number from an email — to verbally confirm wire instructions before sending money. This is the single most expensive mistake a buyer can make.

    Once documents are signed and the loan funds, you get the keys.

Financing

Which loan is right for you

Four main paths. Your lender will help you choose, but it helps to walk in knowing the difference.

Most common

Conventional

3%+ down. Not government-backed. Needs stronger credit than FHA. Under 20% down you pay private mortgage insurance — but PMI drops off once you build enough equity, which is its big advantage.

Easier to qualify

FHA

3.5% down. Government-insured, more forgiving on credit. Trade-off: an upfront mortgage insurance premium plus an annual one — and with a low down payment that annual premium usually stays for the life of the loan.

If you qualify, use it

VA

Zero down, no monthly mortgage insurance. For eligible veterans, active duty, and some surviving spouses. There's a one-time funding fee that can be financed, and it's waived for those with a service-connected disability. The strongest program available.

Location-based

USDA

Zero down in eligible rural and some suburban areas. Income limits apply. Parts of the outer Houston metro qualify — worth checking if you're looking further out.

One thing that affects your offer: how much a seller can contribute toward your closing costs is capped by loan type — roughly 3–9% for conventional depending on your down payment, up to 6% for FHA, and 4% plus customary costs for VA. Your lender should confirm the limit before we write an offer asking for a contribution.
Texas-specific

The option period, in detail

If you're coming from another state, this is the thing you've never seen before — and it's worth understanding properly.

In most states, a buyer's ability to back out depends on specific contingencies: financing, inspection, appraisal. Texas gives you something broader.

You pay an option fee — usually $100 to $500 — within three days of the contract being signed. In exchange you get an unrestricted right to terminate for a set number of days. Any reason. No reason. Your earnest money comes back.

What actually happens during it

The mistake people make

Waiting until day 5 of a 7-day option period to schedule the inspection. Inspectors book up, reports take a day, and repair estimates take longer. Book your inspection the day you go under contract.

The option period is a hard deadline. If it expires, your unrestricted right to walk expires with it.

Negotiating repairs

A long inspection report is normal. Almost nothing is perfect, and asking for every item makes a seller dig in. Focus on:

Sellers can agree to repair, offer a price reduction or credit instead, or refuse entirely. A credit is often better than a repair — you control who does the work and how well.

Protect your loan

Do not do any of this while under contract

Your lender re-verifies your credit and employment right before closing. Anything that changes your financial picture between pre-approval and closing can delay or kill your loan — and people lose houses over this every month.

The simplest version: from pre-approval to closing, change nothing financially. If something is genuinely unavoidable, call your lender before you do it — not after.

Don't skip these

After you close

Four things to do in your first year. The first one saves you real money.

Do it right away

File your homestead exemption

With your county appraisal district, for your primary residence. It's free, it's a one-time filing, and Texas raised the school-district exemption to $140,000 for 2026. It meaningfully reduces your property tax bill. Nobody files it for you.

First week

Change the locks and set up utilities

You don't know who has keys. Transfer electricity — remember you choose your own retail provider in most of the Houston area — plus water, gas, trash, and internet.

Month 11 · new construction

The 11-month inspection

If you bought new construction, most builder workmanship warranties expire at 12 months. An inspection at month 11 catches settling cracks and system issues while they're still covered. Almost nobody does this, and it's free money left on the table.

Ongoing

Watch your tax appraisal

Your county reappraises annually. If the appraised value jumps unreasonably, you have the right to protest — there's a deadline each spring. Plenty of homeowners protest successfully every year.

Plain English

Terms you'll hear

Amortization
How your loan payment splits between interest and principal over time. Early payments are mostly interest; later payments are mostly principal.
Appraisal
An independent opinion of the home's value, ordered by your lender.
Closing Disclosure
The itemized final accounting of your loan and closing costs. You receive it at least three business days before closing.
Contingency
A condition that must be met for the contract to proceed — financing and appraisal are the common ones.
Debt-to-income ratio (DTI)
Your monthly debt payments divided by gross monthly income. Most loans want it under about 43%.
Earnest money
A good-faith deposit held by the title company, credited to you at closing.
Escrow
Two meanings: money held by a neutral third party during the transaction, and the account your lender uses to pay your taxes and insurance monthly.
HOA
Homeowners association. Collects dues, maintains common areas, and enforces community rules.
Loan Estimate
A standardized form showing your rate, payment, and costs. Use it to compare lenders apples to apples.
MUD district
Municipal Utility District — how newer communities outside city limits fund water, sewer, and drainage. It's bundled into your property tax rate rather than billed separately.
Option fee / option period
A Texas-specific arrangement giving you an unrestricted right to terminate during a set window.
PITI
Principal, Interest, Taxes, Insurance — the four parts of a typical mortgage payment. Add HOA for your true monthly cost.
PMI / MIP
Mortgage insurance. Protects the lender if you default. Conventional PMI can be removed with enough equity; FHA's usually can't.
Promulgated forms
Standard contracts that Texas requires license holders to use, written to protect both parties.
Seller's Disclosure Notice
A Texas-required form where the seller discloses known defects and property conditions.
Survey
A drawing showing property boundaries and where structures sit relative to them.
Title insurance
Protects against ownership claims and defects that surface after you buy.
Underwriting
The lender's final review of your entire file before approving the loan.
Straight answers

Questions I get constantly

How much do I really need saved?

Down payment plus closing costs plus a cushion. On a $350,000 home with 5% down, that's roughly $17,500 down and $7,000–$17,000 in closing costs — so call it $25,000 to $35,000, less if you negotiate a seller contribution. A lender can give you your actual number in twenty minutes.

What credit score do I need?

It varies by loan type, and FHA is more forgiving than conventional. But the honest answer is that a higher score doesn't just get you approved — it gets you a lower rate, which changes your payment for thirty years. If your score is borderline, a few months of work first can be worth thousands.

What does it cost me to use an agent?

My compensation is set in a written agreement between us, and we can ask the seller to contribute toward it when we write your offer. Sometimes they do, sometimes they don't. I'll tell you exactly what you're agreeing to before you sign anything — and I won't tell you it's free, because that's not how it works.

Should I wait for rates to drop?

Nobody reliably predicts rates. What I can tell you is that you can refinance a rate later, but you can't go back and buy at last year's price. Right now Houston has record inventory and flat prices, which gives buyers leverage they haven't had in years. Whether that beats waiting depends on your situation, not on a forecast.

How long does the whole thing take?

From signed contract to closing, typically 30 to 45 days. The search before that varies enormously — some people find it in two weeks, some take six months. Getting pre-approved early is what makes you able to move quickly when the right one shows up.

Can I back out after making an offer?

During the option period, yes — for any reason, with your earnest money returned. After it expires, your ability to terminate depends on the contract's contingencies. This is exactly why the option period matters and why you shouldn't waste it.

Is buying new construction different?

Yes, meaningfully. Builders use their own contracts rather than the standard forms, the option period may work differently, and most require your agent to register you on your first visit or you lose representation. There are real advantages to new builds — just talk to me before you tour one.

Do I need a real estate attorney?

Texas isn't an attorney-closing state — title companies handle closings. Most residential transactions don't involve an attorney. But if something is unusual, or you're signing a builder's contract, having one review it is money well spent.

Let's talk

Questions are free.

Whether you're six months out or just starting to wonder if this is possible, I'm happy to walk through your situation with nothing attached. Buying a home is the largest purchase most people ever make — you should understand every step of it before you're standing in it.

Emad Ashraf
REALTOR® · eXp Realty
346-219-8890 emadashr03@gmail.com